Urine cadmium levels primarily reflect total body burden of cadmium. Cadmium excretion above 3.0 mcg/g creatinine indicates significant exposure to cadmium.
For occupational testing, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) cadmium standard is below 3.0 mcg/g creatine and the biological exposure index is 5 mcg/g creatinine.